10 Times Table

What you will learn

• Say and write the answers in the $10$ times table up to $10 \times 12$.
• Use the patterns in the table to check your answers.
• Use the table to solve simple word problems.

Before you start: you should know multiplication as equal groups. See Multiplication: Equal Groups and Arrays.

The idea

The $10$ times table lists $10$ multiplied by $1, 2, 3$ and so on up to $12$. Each answer is the number of objects in that many groups of $10$.

The whole table

Patterns

• The answers are $10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120$.
• Each answer ends in $0$, and the other digits are the number you multiplied by.
• Place value explains it: ten ones make one ten, so $10 \times 4$ is $4$ tens, which is $40$.

Skip counting

Counting in steps of $10$ gives the answers one after another.

An array

An array shows the same facts as rows and columns.

Worked examples

Example 1: Tens and ones

What is $10 \times 6$?

1. Ten groups of $6$ is the same as $6$ tens.
2. $6$ tens is $60$.

Answer: $60$.

Example 2: Move the digits

What is $10 \times 37$?

1. Move each digit one place left: the $3$ tens become $3$ hundreds, and the $7$ ones become $7$ tens.
2. Put a zero in the empty ones place: $370$.

Answer: $370$.

Example 3: Money

How much is $10$ coins worth, if each is $5$p?

1. $10 \times 5 = 50$.

Answer: $50$p.

Adding a zero is a good shortcut for whole numbers, but the real reason is place value. That reason still works for decimals, where $10 \times 0.3 = 3$, with no zero added.

Why it matters

Multiplying by ten is the basis of the metric system (millimetres, centimetres, metres) and of our whole number system. Powers of ten come back in standard form and in scale on maps.